What requirement exists for a pilot to act as PIC of a large aircraft over 12,500 lbs gross weight?

A pilot must hold a type rating for a large aircraft over 12,500 lbs gross weight because type ratings are specifically designed to ensure that pilots have the necessary training and knowledge to operate particular aircraft safely. Large aircraft often have unique characteristics and systems that can significantly differ from smaller aircraft. The type rating process includes ground school and flight training that prepares pilots for the complexities of operating these larger, more complex machines.

Holding a private pilot license or an instrument rating alone does not encompass the specific skills and knowledge required to command a large aircraft. Additionally, while a minimum flight hour requirement may be a general consideration for many types of pilot operations, it does not address the specific operational and safety competencies associated with larger aircraft, which is why the type rating requirement is paramount.