What does a special VFR clearance allow a pilot to do in Class B, C, D, and E airspace?

A special VFR clearance is a specific authorization granted by air traffic control that allows pilots to operate under visual flight rules (VFR) in certain airspace under conditions that would typically require them to have a higher cloud clearance or visibility than the standard VFR conditions.

When a pilot receives a special VFR clearance, they must have at least a visibility of 1 statute mile and remain clear of clouds. This enables pilots to navigate visually even when weather conditions are marginal, while still maintaining some level of safety concerning visibility and cloud clearance.

In contrast, the other options either misinterpret VFR conditions or posit scenarios that don't comply with the regulations set for special VFR operations. For example, flying in any visibility conditions or under IFR without regard for visibility is not permitted under a special VFR clearance. Similarly, while there are specific lighting requirements for flying at night, special VFR does not inherently exempt pilots from those requirements, especially when additional safety measures may apply.