Under what flight conditions is the torque effect greatest in a single-engine airplane?

The torque effect in a single-engine airplane is greatest under conditions of low airspeed, high power, and high angle of attack. When an aircraft operates at low airspeed, it generally requires a high angle of attack to maintain lift. In this state, the aircraft is more susceptible to the effects of torque generated by the engine.

Torque is a result of the engine's rotating components and the propeller's thrust. As power is increased, the resultant effect of the engine’s torque becomes more pronounced. At low airspeeds, the aircraft has a reduced margin of control effectiveness, which means that the tendency of the aircraft to yaw opposite to the direction of the propeller’s rotation can be more easily observed and felt by the pilot.

The high angle of attack in combination with this high power setting means that the airflow over the wings and control surfaces is altered, reducing stability and increasing susceptibility to undesired roll or yaw motions. Therefore, the interaction between these factors—low airspeed, high power, and high angle of attack—maximizes the perception and impact of torque effect, making it a critical consideration during flight operations in such conditions.

The other options do not present the same conditions that would exacerbate torque effects. High airspeed