In which type of fog can low-level turbulence and hazardous icing occur?

The correct response pertains to steam fog, which arises when cold air moves over warm water. This phenomenon occurs when water from the surface evaporates and quickly condenses in the cooler air above, forming a fog. Since the formation of steam fog involves significant temperature differences and the presence of moisture, it can lead to conditions of low-level turbulence and hazardous icing.

The interaction between the warm, moist air and the colder air can create instability, resulting in turbulent conditions close to the surface. Additionally, as the warm moisture-laden air cools, it can result in ice formation if the temperatures dip low enough, hence presenting potential hazards to aircraft operating in or near such conditions.

In contrast, other types of fog, such as radiation fog, typically form in stable air conditions and are less prone to create turbulence or icing issues. Rolling fog can occur under specific circumstances but is not commonly associated with the same hazards, while advection fog usually forms as warm, moist air moves over cooler surfaces; although it can produce some level of turbulence, it is not as directly linked to the turbulent conditions and icing hazards seen with steam fog.