How does frost on the wings affect takeoff performance?

Frost on the wings significantly disrupts the smooth flow of air over the wing surface. In aviation, the design of an aircraft wing relies on aerodynamics, which are heavily influenced by the condition of the wing's surface. Frost creates an irregular surface that prevents the airflow from smoothly adhering to the wing, leading to an increase in drag and a decrease in lift.

As a result, the aircraft's overall performance in generating lift during takeoff is greatly impaired. This can lead to longer takeoff distances, potential inability to reach takeoff speed, and, in severe cases, may even result in a stall if the aircraft cannot achieve the necessary lift to become airborne. Therefore, maintaining a clean and smooth wing surface is critical for optimal flight performance, and frost must be removed before attempting any takeoff.